Tris, or trisaminomethane, or known during medical use as tromethamine or THAM, is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH₂)₃CNH₂. It is extensively used in biochemistry and molecular biology as a component of buffer solutions such as in TAE and TBE buffers, especially for solutions of nucleic acids.
Tris (short for tris- (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane) is a commonly used buffer for biochemical solutions. It contains an ionizable amino group with pka = 8.1.
What is Tris used for?
Tris (tris base) is an organic compound primarily used in molecular biology to make buffer solutions or act as a basic buffer. Commonly used buffer recipes using tris include: CTAB DNA extraction buffer.
Uses and Applications of Biological Buffers
Tris(Hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (CAS 77-86-1) is an organic compound that exhibits buffering properties in aqueous solutions. Its chemical formula is C₄H₁₁NO₃, and its molecular structure consists of a central amino group (NH₂) bonded to three hydroxymethyl groups (CH₂OH). These hydroxymethyl groups grant it a unique ability to act as an effective buffer in in the pH range of 7.2 to 9.0.
Tris buffer is a common reagent in biochemistry, used in DNA purification, protein solubilization, and nucleic acid separation by electrophoresis.
It is used in bacteriology, often in conjunction with inorganic buffers, to allow acid sensitive organisms to grow in multi strain cultures where acid producing organisms are present.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Tris buffer is also widely used as an excipient in injection and infusion solutions, eye drops, creams, and gels, helping to stabilize these products.
Tris can also be used for the treatment of metabolic acidosis and urine alkalinization, in cases where the patient is intoxicated by weakly acidic substances like barbiturates. Its administration is via intravenous injection, as it has a respiratory depressant effect, making its use contraindicated in patients with respiratory insufficiency.
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