Acetonitrile (ACN) is an important organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃CN or C₂H₃N. Also known as methyl cyanide or cyanomethane, acetonitrile is a colorless, transparent liquid widely recognized for its excellent solvent performance. It is capable of dissolving a broad range of organic compounds, inorganic substances, and certain gases, and it is completely miscible with water and alcohols in all proportions.
Due to these properties, acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8) is classified as a polar aprotic solvent, making it indispensable in both laboratory and industrial environments.
Properties of Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)
| Property | Description / Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Acetonitrile |
| Synonyms | Methyl cyanide, Cyanomethane, ACN |
| CAS Number | 75-05-8 |
| Molecular Formula | CH₃CN / C₂H₃N |
| Molecular Weight | 41.05 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless, transparent liquid |
| Odor | Mild, ether-like odor |
| Solvent Type | Polar aprotic solvent |
| Polarity | High |
| Water Solubility | Completely miscible |
| Solubility | Miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, chloroform |
| Boiling Point | ~81–82 °C |
| Melting Point | −45.7 °C |
| Density (20 °C) | ~0.786 g/cm³ |
| Dielectric Constant (25 °C) | ~36 |
| Vapor Pressure (20 °C) | ~9.7 kPa |
| Flash Point | ~2 °C (closed cup) |
| Refractive Index (20 °C) | ~1.344 |
| Stability | Chemically stable under normal conditions |
| Main Applications | HPLC mobile phase, chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, electronics |
Wide Applications of Acetonitrile
As a key intermediate and solvent in organic chemistry, acetonitrile applications are extensive and highly diversified.
- In laboratory settings, acetonitrile is commonly used as a mobile phase for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), where it helps improve separation efficiency and analytical accuracy.
- In chemical synthesis, acetonitrile plays an essential role in a variety of reactions, particularly those involving nitrogen-containing compounds, supporting both reaction efficiency and product purity.
- In industrial production, acetonitrile is widely used in the manufacture of acrylonitrile, polymers, and specialty chemicals, where its polarity and stability provide clear processing advantages.
Industry-Specific Uses of Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile is used across multiple industries, where it serves specific and irreplaceable functions.
- In the dye industry, acetonitrile often acts as a key raw material or reaction solvent in dye synthesis. Similarly, it plays an important role in the production of catalysts, supporting catalyst preparation and performance. The manufacture of surfactants also relies on acetonitrile as a reaction medium or intermediate.
- In the metallurgical industry, acetonitrile is mainly used as a solvent, deoxygenating agent, or reducing agent, supporting processes such as casting, steelmaking, and aluminum smelting.
- Within the pharmaceutical industry, acetonitrile is widely applied in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and as a solvent for active ingredient extraction, making high-purity acetonitrile essential for drug manufacturing.
- The electronics industry values acetonitrile for its favorable electrical properties, which make it suitable for electronic material preparation and precision cleaning. In addition, industries such as petroleum processing, leather manufacturing, and textile dyeing and printing also benefit from the unique chemical properties of acetonitrile.
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As a Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8) manufacturer, Gneebio focuses on product consistency, industrial applicability, and bulk supply reliability. The company operates under strict quality management systems to ensure that Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8) meets the requirements of large-scale and continuous production environments.
Key manufacturing and supply strengths include:
- Controlled purity grades suitable for industrial and synthetic applications
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- Bulk supply capability to support contract and spot orders
- Export-ready packaging and documentation (COA, SDS, etc.)
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